Art of comminuting frangible articles.



c. H. J. DILG & J. o. FOWLER. ART OF COMMINUTING FRANGIBLE ARTICLES.

Patented Sept 15, 1908.

APPLIpATIOK FILED OUT. 25, 1906.

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CH LES 11.1mm AND JONATHAN 0. rowLEa, or NEW YORK, Y.

ART COMIVIINUTING FRANGIBLE ARTICLES.

Specification of Letters Patent. A Patented Sept. 15, 1908.

Original application filed May 15, 1905, Serial No. 260,435. Divided.and this application filed. October 25, 1906.

Serial No. 340,465.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES H. J. DILG and JONATHAN O. FOWLER, citizensof the United States of America, and residents of New York, in thecounty and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Artof Comminuting Frangible Articles, of which the following is aspecification, .the samebeing a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable.

others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe-same, the present applicationbeing a division of an application forsoap-supp ier filed by us on May 15, 1905, Serial No. 2 0, 555.

This invention relates to a novel art by means of whichsolid blocks ofmaterial may be disintegrated 'and furnished for use in the form of fineshavings, or in a comminuted condition, and in particular to a method ofdisintegrating chemicalcomp ounds for washing or cleansing, as soap orlike articles, and it has for its object the production of a method thatwill accomplish the above purpose, the same being explained inconnection with and by reference to a machine by means of which ourprocess may be carried on.

i-Vith this object in view the invention consists in a certain novelart, process or method which will be hereinafter described.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation otan apparatus employed in carryingout this invention: Fig. 2 1s a sectional view of the same; Figs. 3 and4 are views in detail of serrated cutting or granulating means; Fig. 5is a detail view in' elevation, partly in section, of interlocking cakesof soap; Fig. 6 is a view in section, and Fig. 7 is a side elevation,with the casing partly broken away, of other soap suppliers; Fig. 8 is aplan view of a cake of soap; Figs. 9 and 10 are views in detail of othercutting devices; and Fig. 11 is an end view of the soap supplier.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in all the views.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, A denotes theshell or casing of a soap supplier, the same preferably consisting of acylinder uponwhich is ordinarilyniounted the vertical tubular extension(I communicating with the said shell. A hearing is ordinarilyformed inthe shell of the soap supplier consisting in the present cmbodimcnt of asleeve B. 'ithin the said sleeve works a spindle C, which may beprovided with any suitable means for operating the same, as the manuallyactuated crank arm C. The inner end of the spindle C preferably carriesa bevel gear D which meshes with another bevel gear D mounted in arotatable relation upon the plate or partition A of the cylinder casingA. The said bevel, gear D is ordinarily keyed to a shank or spindle Ewhich works in a bearing in the plate or partition A and extends u lntothe upper portion of the tube a, with w iich spindle is engaged aWeight. E in order that the rotation of the spindle E may cause the saidweight or follower E to revolve. The u ppeiportion of the gravity shankor spindle works in, and is embraced in, the sleeve A, contained in thetube a and the upper end of the said sleeve or spindle preferablyprojects upfrom the top of the casing in order to serve as a means ofactuating the said shank 5 or spindle E by means of the handle orcrank'arm C if desired. The sleeve or spindle A" is provided with alongitudinal slot or key- I way A, in which works a key or pin 13 ro-kject-ing from the upper part of the shan or spindle E.

The weight E is ordinarily provided with any suitable means ofinterlocking with the soap through one or more engaging means, as forexample the recess 6, which recess is constructed and arranged topreferably engage the soap and to register and interlockwith a head f inthe top of the cake of soap F. Each cake of soap is not only ordinarilypro; vided with means to engage with the weight\ through one or moreinterlocking devices, as for example the recessed portion on one say thelower face thereof, but is a so preferably furnished with otherinterlocking means, as projecting portions f. of practically the samesize and contour and ordinarily located in the upper face of the same,and constructed and arranged to interlock with the recessed portion f ofan adjacent cake of soap. Ono cnd,preferablyllielowerportion,

said blades being preferably arranged in sta-ggercd order, the teeth ofone of the blades, as I e o-m... W... yew..."- HM...

G, being wider than those of the other cut the casing A, is preferablyreduced in diameter so as to converge and form a contracted opening ormouth A'', which ordinarily-detachable casing head is preferablyinterlocked, as at Z, with the upper shell or casing A, and may befastened to thecasing or cylinder A, as by means of a padlock K. V

The soap supplier may be sustained by any suitable means, as forexample, by means of a supporting arm or standard I.

The depending portion of the projection e of the weight E will hold thebody of the weight from the teeth of the cutting device, and thusprevent the same from being cut or marred, or the teeth being dulled, asmight occur if the knives or cuttnig blades were to come into actualfrictional contact with the weight in cases where the soap ispractically entirely out or worn away.

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 6, the easing A" is provided with apartition A through which and the top of the shell or easing works thespindle E The said spindle actuates the bevel gear D fixed thereto,which meshes with another bevel gear I), the shaft C of which works in asleeve B and carries a crank arm C. The crank arm may, however, beattached directly to the top of the spindle E if preferred, as isindicated by the dotted lines. The lower and detachable part of thecasing, consisting of the head H supports the cutters G G", G", whichare interlocked with the squared extension e of the spindle E The hub 71of the said head H is elevated a short distance above the plane of theserrated blades in order to prevent the weight E from coming at any timeinto fi'ictional contact therewith. The interior of the casing or shellA is provided with means for preventing the rotation of the weight andthe soap, consisting in the present instance of a vertical part aprojecting into the chamber and registcrirm and engaging with the grooveor recess F" of the soap 5, and a similar groove formed in the weightwhereby the weight and soap are held rigidly together. The top of theshell or casing is preferably furnished with an inbent rim or curb (ithus forming a circular groove in which the end of the crank arm C workswhen the handle is located at the top of the apparatus.

apparatus by means of a catch or keeper If" which is constructed andarranged to be eni gaged with a pivoted spring latch 71" attached to thecasing, and wlueh may be released by A recess e extending up into theweight 1 E engages the soap F as efore described,

In the soap supplier illustrated in Fig. 7, the upper head H of thecasing is detachable, and it (or, if so desired, the parts H or 11) maybe secured to the casing of the l .nloving the lower arm of the catch 76up; \wardly by means ofa key inser'tcr in thekey; hell; if. \Theoperation is as follows: he cylinder A isehmged with a suitable numberofprcfera lyin crlocking cakes of soa-p, the upper cc uivalent impcllingdevices, as a spring, and which weight is raised, when the ,apparatus ischargedQto. the position desired.- The casing head is now fastened tothe cylinder, u )on which the. apparatus is rcadv for use, am by turningthelerank arm C, the soap and cutting device become engaged with anabrading or scraping action in practically a plane surface and thelowest cake of soap becomes gradualiy worniawa-y by reason of itscontact with the cutting blades, the said disintegrated particlesof soapfalling through the contracted discharge nozzle or mouth of the casinghead.

As described and sdiown, the soap m y be rotated against the stationarycutting blades,

cutting blades may be caused torevolve, and

or, if preferred, upon the lowest cake of soap bcconnng nearly groundaway, it may be do tached from the weight E, and a new series the same.

Maniicstly the casin or cylinder may be preferred, and the soappropelled by means of other and equivalent soap feeding means, i as aspring placed on the rod between the of the weight or plate E, in whichcasethe mouth Awould be at the side of the cylinder or casing A.

The advantage gained by constructing the cakes of soap with uneveninterlocking or intermcshing faces is a material saving of the soap. forthe reason that as the body of the lower cake of soap gets worn down toa thin disk it will not break or crumble as it is supported by itsupwardly extending part f and the parts surrounding the recess f of thesuperimposed cake, but will retain its entireiy until the engaging orintermcshing portions of the uneven face of the cake above it. i arepres' nted for abrasion. T hcn for a. pe-

riod of time the abrasive action is on both cakes or soap, by whichconstruction an even i and uniform surface is always presented to onebffirhich is interlocked with a follower consisting of aplate or. weightE which may be caused to descend by its ownlwclght or by or the soap maybe held stationary and thetiallv used cake and the said weight, thusplaced in a slanting or horizontal position, if

as the soap isprcferably fed by gravity, the action of I re apparatuswill be uniform unt1l\ the soap is practically entirely worn away;

Br arran in the serrations or cuttin O D C the soap becomes evenlyground off without cros piece or partition A and the upper face 7cakes-such'as occurs when non-interlocking or non-intermeshing cakes ofsoap are used "is overcome.

It will be observed that the blades, as G,

G and G, G: have a serrated cutting edge which extends from the bodyslightly upwanily and is bent or inclined forwardly relative to thevertical case of the soap shaving. machine, the serrations each havingordinarily two cutting edges, one edge, as 9 Fig. l0, approximatelycircumferentially disposed, or lyin practically parallel'to thecircumference oi the case of the machine, and the other edge, as 9',extending approximately 111 a radial plane or in one parallel therewith.I I

In respect to the blades named above, it will be seen that the actualcutting lines of the edges of the teeth arethose of the indi- 7 vidualserrations, and that as some of these lines are non-radial, they give ashear out. One series of edged teeth, as G or G are preferably stag eredin relation to another series. as G or so that their circles of rotationwill not coincide. We prefer to locate the serrations or teeth in linesat a distance from the axis of the cutter and to form the teethso thattheir pointed ends will all face the same way in the same line, in orderthat, no matter in which direction the cutter is turned, some of theteeth will present a cutting edge to the soap, and the teeth which donot bite or cut will prevent the cutting teeth from burrowing too deeplyinto the soap and thus secure a fine or'thin shaving.

Ye use the term advancing cutting ed e to denote the presentation of oneof the edges of each one of the serrations to the surface of the soap tobe out, whether the cutter is moved with relation to the cake of soap,as in Fig- 4, or the cake of soap is moved over a stationary cutter, asin Fig; 2, in either of which cases, each of the cutter points acts onthe soap with a self burrowing out. And in asmuch as the practicallycircumferentially parallel edge of a tooth limits or determines a thewidth of the narrow shaving cut by the approximately radial or radiallyparallel edge. we denote the said former named edge by the term ofi'setas by the said construction. each cutting edge cuts its own distinctshaving.

The blade G in Fig. 10 has the teeth formed, as stated, so as to cutwhen rotated in eitherdirection. hen the said blade is rotatedclockwise, for example, the width of the shaving will be limited by thewidth of the radial or radially parallel edges 9 located on the lefthand side of the cutter. If, howeven-the cutter is rotated in theopposite (lirecti-on, or anti-clockwise, the width of the w shaving willbe determined by the width of $5 the radial or radially parallel edges 9The cutter blades we prefer to use are formed with a suitable supportingmember,

as a hub, or a ring or any other e uivalent I means with or without theuse of a ub, and 4 have, as stated, non-radially disposed blades, as Gand G blades G" G'i, G" extend from a central supporting member or hub.

It is manifest that although we ordinarily prefer to perform our newmethod, art or process by means of the use of a soap dispensin or soapshaving machine, such for examp e as the one herein described and shown,yet the said method of disinte rating soap or ether frangible articlesmay be performed by simple manipulation, as by holding the interlockedcolumn of soap cakes in one hand, and by pressing against the same,

a suitable instrumentality or tool, as a cutter, held in the other handand rotating either the material or the abrading device.

We do not claim in this application the;

machine or apparatus herein described and shown, as that is claimed inthe application L of which this is a division, although the same ispreferably employed as a part of our art or method of comnnnuting orreducing to a fine condition any frangible or molded, or semiplastic orsequacious material, which latter We refer to herein broadly as afrangible ar ticle. And inasmuch as a great variety of devices may beused to disintegrate the mass of material to be operated upon accordingto the degree of fineness or uality of the product desired, and inasmucas the result attained is caused by attrition or mutual contact orfriction with a more or less cutting or scraping action, we designatesuch articles broadly as abrasive devices, although the d'iiierentarticles which are now in common use and which may be utilized for thispurpose may be specifically termed cutting, parin scraping, grating,grannlating, grinding, a rading, planing, or shaving devices,

and the disintegrated or finely divided prod- 110 ucts which may beobtained by the employment of the above named reducing agencies wedesignate broadly as being in a comminuted condition; nor do we claimherein the cake of soap per se, as that forms the subject matter of ourapplication for a cake of soap, filed December 29, 1906, Serial No.350,065, the same being a division of our application for a soapsupplier filed May 15, 1905, Serial No. 260,435.

The essential feature of our invention of progressively reducing solidmaterial consists in assembling a series or plurality of cakes or unitsso as to form a comparatively solid column or bar, the opposing orengaging faces of the units being so formed that,

so that their juncture shall be so positioned as regards the abrasivedevice that, when 130 In Fig. 9, a'plurality of presented enfiwise to weIiittei'; difiint paint-s of paid juncture wit! fie at'various distancesfrom said zib as'rve device;

We refer that the epgjbsing of engaging faces 5 all be bf an tinevencontour, whicH she be ndn-cor respofiderit in f6rm with that of theabrasive defice; but it is -sseixtis that the operative surface of theabrasive device she-i fo'rm ex'te or more male; with the line of 10'division, or the jfincture, t1etween the Units,

or with the ends thetedf, in orderto constitute What we term, anefidwise engagement.

What We claim as o'ur invention is: e The art of.progressivebr'reduc'ing solid 1112iteria which consists esentiafly inassembling' into a. whim o}? sezies a ptuiaiity of Units h-swimgeilgziging' fanee; exidvpteseiit'mg of bit afimding deities, theengegifig faces bf the units and o'f-the operative part of the al .40radin'g device being 11oni cbrresp0ndent in form, sethe hdifielegtpgjnts of the juncture of the units shall lie at viii'iofis distancesfi-om the said operatfire pafl; whereby it commences the reduction of a:succeeding unit bf the sei-ies befbi'e it he's. completed that of thepreeeding brie. v

In testimony of the foregoifig speifi'eatidn we d0: .he1"eb'y sign thesame in the cit of Newfifork, county afn'd State of New ork thisfifteenth day of October 1906. 1

' HARLES H. J. DILG JONATHAW O. FOWLER. Vfitfiese'esz.

Ron. semm' such eohinm in series enema t6 the aetiefi S. Henzo'e.

